As a cardiothoracic anesthesiologist and intensivist, I’ve transfused countless blood products and factor concentrates over the years. We’ve all seen “type and screen” orders, but what exactly does a blood type tell us?
ABO grouping refers to the SURFACE ANTIGENS on our red blood cells (RBCs). For example, type B RBCs have B antigens on their surface while type O RBCs have neither A nor B antigens. Now, one must consider the resulting ANTIBODIES in the plasma. Patients with type A blood have anti-B antibodies in their plasma. This makes sense because if they had anti-A antibodies, they would attack their own surface antigens resulting in catastrophic hemolytic anemic. This concept is how we determine compatible blood transfusion options for patients.
Let’s look at fresh frozen plasma (FFP) donated by someone with type O blood. Although their RBCs are devoid of A and B antigens, their plasma contains anti-A AND anti-B antibodies. If this plasma is transfused into a patient with either A or B surface antigens (ABO types A, B, or AB), a transfusion reaction will likely occur. This is why although type O is considered a “universal RBC donor”, type AB is a “universal plasma donor”… although they would technically need to be Rh-.
Keep in mind that this SIMPLIFIED table does not illustrate all the details (ie, Rh/anti-D) or take into account titers, blood bank inventory, etc. Drop me a comment below with questions or recommendations to make this table more complete! 🙂
This is awesome!
Thank you!! 🙂
As the antigen D(Rh antigen) is only on the surface of red cell & not in the plasma,so AB plasma is considered as universal for all groups irrespective of Rh+ or _ ,as the plasma is devoid of red cell so no question of transfer of Rh antigen or antibody,because Rh antibody don’t exist like anti A or B antibodies which are known as natural anibobodies