A platform where cardiac anesthesiologist and intensivist Dr. Rishi Kumar shares insights in perioperative medicine, critical care, education, and tech while promoting curiosity and lifelong learning.


2° atrioventricular block – Mobitz I (often referred to as the Wenckebach phenomenon) is characterized by the progressive lengthening of…

Double sequential external defibrillation (DSED) can be used in ventricular fibrillation (VF) which remains refractory to conventional ACLS protocols. It…

I’ve found a strategic blend of benefits that suit my lifestyle and spending habits using Bilt Rewards, Chase Sapphire Reserve,…

Phosphate is crucial for cellular/energy metabolism, bone integrity, and various enzymatic processes. Hypophosphatemia is classified as mild (2.5-3 mg/dL), moderate…

Unilateral cardiogenic pulmonary edema (CPE) accounts for ~2% of pulmonary edema cases and is classically caused by posterior papillary muscle…

The normal aortic valve is trileaflet and comprised of the non, left, and right coronary cusps. Quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV)…