pulmonary
Pharmacology
Alprostadil
Alprostadil (Prostaglandin E1, PGE1) is a medication used to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). PAH is a progressive condition in which the arteries that carry blood from the heart to the...
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Education
Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis
Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a diffuse lung disease caused by problems with: surfactant metabolism, alveolar macrophage function, granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor, or an unknown etiology. These can lead to the deposition of surfactant...
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Pharmacology
Heliox
Heliox is a gas mixture consisting of, in this example, 21% oxygen and 79% helium (although other ratios exist). Remember that atmospheric air contains ~21% oxygen and ~78% nitrogen. Although helium and air share...
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Education
Anatomical Lungs Emoji
As a follow-up to my labeled anatomical heart emoji, I give you the lungs! Also from the Emoji 13.0 list.
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Education
Breathing Patterns
A patient’s breathing pattern can help guide response to therapies and diagnostics. Normal breathing is regular and comfortable at a rate of 12-20 breaths per minute (bpm).
Tachypnea and bradypnea have rates above and below...
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Education
West’s Lung Zones
Alveoli that are well ventilated (V) should be associated with good pulmonary capillary blood perfusion (Q) to maximize gas exchange. This is the idea behind V/Q matching. Gravitational forces create heterogeneity perfusing dependent portions...
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Medical
Percutaneous Tracheostomy
Percutaneous tracheostomy ("perc trach") is a procedure that is routinely performed at the bedside on patients who require prolonged mechanical ventilation or airway control due to an upper airway obstruction or for pulmonary hygiene....
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Education
Subcutaneous Emphysema
Subcutaneous emphysema occurs when air gets trapped within the subcutaneous regions of the face, neck, chest wall, abdomen, and even down to the thighs/legs. The characteristic physical exam finding of crepitus ("snap-crackle-pop") is caused...
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