Although double lumen endotracheal tubes (ETTs) remain the gold standard for lung isolation for lateralized pulmonary hemorrhage/infection, massive bronchopleural fistulas, or to facilitate surgeries,…

Nocardiosis is an infection caused by Nocardia – a branching, filamentous, gram-positive bacteria found in the soil and aquatic environment – which becomes airborne…

Understanding mechanical ventilation is a fundamental part of intensive care and perioperative medicine. Here’s an overview of the basics of mechanical ventilation. Keep in…

Nitric oxide is a molecule normally made by vascular endothelial cells to decrease vascular resistance in both the systemic and pulmonary circulations. Inhaled nitric…

Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is routinely utilized during mechanical ventilation to improve alveolar recruitment and combat cyclic trauma from repeated deflation/expansion of the alveolar…

Treprostinil (Remodulin) is an IV, SC, PO, and inhaled prostaglandin I2 analog used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) by causing vasodilation. Like other…