Treprostinil (Remodulin) is an IV, SC, PO, and inhaled prostaglandin I2 analog used to treat pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) by causing vasodilation. Like other…

The thoracic duct is the primary conduit which carries chyle (lymphatic fluid containing triglycerides, immune cells, proteins, etc.) from the cisterna chyli to the…

One of the cardiopulmonary challenges I constantly face as a cardiothoracic anesthesiologist and intensivist is balancing positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) with cardiac output (CO).…

Albuterol (ProAirVentolin/Proventil) is most often used as a short-acting, inhaled therapy for bronchospasm. It works via β-2 agonism – adrenergic receptors that relax bronchial…

You can’t read about pulmonary physiology without encountering the topic of V/Q mismatch, otherwise known as ventilation-perfusion mismatch. In fact, of the five major…

Re-expansion pulmonary edema is a rare but relevant consideration after a large volume thoracentesis. It’s a consequence of the rapid expansion of a previously…