A platform where cardiac anesthesiologist and intensivist Dr. Rishi Kumar shares insights in perioperative medicine, critical care, education, and tech while promoting curiosity and lifelong learning.


Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) is a quantitative echocardiography technique to assess right ventricular (RV) systolic function. As an…

Metabolic alkalosis is a derangement characterized by increased plasma bicarbonate (HCO3–), resulting in a pH > ~7.45. This can be…

As part of a comprehensive left ventricular (LV) diastolic assessment, doppler tissue imaging (DTI) of the medial and lateral aspects…

Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. Some cannot be synthesized by our bodies and are therefore considered “essential”…

Complete (3°) heart block (CHB) occurs when atrial signals do not reach the ventricle; therefore, the atria (P-waves) and ventricles…

Mitral valve endocarditis can affect any part(s) of the mitral valve apparatus – annulus, leaflets, and even chordae tendinae –…