A platform where cardiac anesthesiologist and intensivist Dr. Rishi Kumar shares insights in perioperative medicine, critical care, education, and tech while promoting curiosity and lifelong learning.


Lumbar puncture (LP) is a bedside procedure I occasionally do as an intensivist to obtain a sample of cerebrospinal fluid…

Lorazepam (Ativan) is an IV, IM, and oral benzodiazepine medication which potentiates the GABA(A) receptor resulting in anxiolysis, sedation, amnesia,…

A left ventricular (LV) pseudoaneurysm is an LV outpouching devoid of myocardium/endocardium contained by the pericardium and adhesions. As one…

Fundoscopy examines the interior, back surface of the eye, including the retina, blood vessels, macula, and optic disc. Before learning…

Iodixanol (Visipaque) is an iodinated intravenous (IV) contrast agent which is iso-osmolar with plasma. Unlike the non-ionic monomer iohexol (Omnipaque),…

Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a rare (~0.5% of the general population) venous anomaly when the left superior…