Sodium nitroprusside (SNP, Nipride/Nitropress) is a short-acting, intravenous antihypertensive that directly acts on venous AND arteriolar smooth muscle to cause vasodilation decreasing preload, afterload,…
Verapamil (Calan/Verelan) is an oral and intravenous non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker (CCB) which is more selective for L-type calcium channels on cardiac muscle than…
Metoprolol (Lopressor) is a selective beta-1 receptor blocker used primarily to decrease heart rate (chronotropy) and cardiac contractility (inotropy) in those with anginal chest…
Nitroglycerin (NTG) is short-acting venodilator (vasodilator at higher doses) which, like all nitrates, is converted to nitric oxide to exert its effects. In medicine,…
Mannitol is a carbohydrate often administered as a hypertonic solution that is freely filtered by the renal glomerulus and not reabsorbed. Therefore, it serves…