The thoracic duct is the primary conduit which carries chyle (lymphatic fluid containing triglycerides, immune cells, proteins, etc.) from the cisterna chyli to the…

Although small amounts of air and fluid in the pleural space are generally well tolerated, pneumothorax, hemothorax, chylothorax, etc. necessitates chest tube placement. For…

Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (“circ arrest”) is often required for partial or total aortic arch reconstructions. At this point in the surgery, there is…

Double lumen endotracheal tubes (DLTs) are considered the gold standard for lung isolation – a procedure where we selectively ventilate a single lung or…

Over a dozen different aortic arch great vessel configurations have been described in humans. I’ve illustrated the two most common types in this diagram.…

Orthotopic heart transplantations (OHTs) are some of my favorite procedures as a cardiothoracic anesthesiologist! After establishing general endotracheal anesthesia (GETA) with standard monitors, an…

Here’s a table I created that summarizes the classification for patients awaiting a heart transplant. Gone are the days of “status 1A, 1B, or…

In my first year of anesthesiology residency, I had the opportunity to do a very unique aortic valve replacement (AVR) case for aortic stenosis…