physiology
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Education
Hypernatremia And Free Water Deficit
Sodium (Na) fluctuations portend increased in-hospital death for ICU patients, and when working them up, it’s essential to determine if…
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Education
West’s Lung Zones
Alveoli that are well ventilated (V) should be associated with good pulmonary capillary blood perfusion (Q) to maximize gas exchange.…
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Education
Cardiac Action Potential
In order for the heart muscle to actually contract, the physiological process of excitation-contraction coupling must occur via an action…
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Education
Antibody Structure
With all the discussion surrounding antibody production after receiving a COVID-19 vaccine, let’s talk about the structure of an antibody.
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Education
What’s A P/F Ratio?
The P/F ratio is a simple way to assess the severity of hypoxemia. It’s the ratio of the PaO2 (arterial…
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Education
Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation
The Henderson-Hasselbalch (H-H) equation illustrates the incredibly important role of the bicarbonate buffer system comprised of the partial pressure of…
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Education
RK.md’s Perioperative And Critical Care Reference Sheet
Ever since finishing my fellowships, I wanted to create a free reference sheet (front and back) containing “high yield” information…
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Education
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC)
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a life-threatening condition (hence the popular alternative definition of “death is coming”) affecting the coagulation…
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Education
Lactic Acidosis
Lactic acid fermentation is generally thought of as a process related to anaerobic metabolism in the context of tissue hypoxia…
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PGY-6 (Cardiothoracic Anesthesia)
The Denervated Heart
The concept of a denervated heart is a significant consideration in patients receiving orthotopic heart transplants. When these donor hearts…
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