radiology

A left ventricular (LV) pseudoaneurysm is an LV outpouching devoid of myocardium/endocardium contained by the pericardium and adhesions. As one can imagine, this pathology carries a high risk of rupture and mortality. LV pseudoaneurysms...

Iodixanol (Visipaque) is an iodinated intravenous (IV) contrast agent which is iso-osmolar with plasma. Unlike the non-ionic monomer iohexol (Omnipaque), Visipaque is a non-ionic dimer; however, both agents are routinely utilized for angiography, venography,...

Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a rare (~0.5% of the general population) venous anomaly when the left superior cardinal vein fails to degenerate. This can make entering the right heart from the...

Pneumoperitoneum refers to free air within the peritoneal cavity most commonly caused by perforation of a hollow viscus from a procedure (e.g., endoscopy), trauma, cancer, bowel obstruction, inflammation, or ulceration. As this air accumulates...

Cerebral perfusion scans are nuclear medicine studies utilizing agents like NEUROLITE® to confirm a clinical diagnosis of brain death. NEUROLITE is a radioactive diagnostic agent (technetium Tc99m bicisate) which passively diffuses across the intact...

Subcutaneous emphysema occurs when air gets trapped within the subcutaneous regions of the face, neck, chest wall, abdomen, and even down to the thighs/legs. The characteristic physical exam finding of crepitus ("snap-crackle-pop") is caused...

In severe COVID-19 pneumonia with refractory hypoxemia, patients are often proned (put on their abdomen), deeply sedated, and paralyzed to improve synchrony with the ventilator. The goal with proning is to create a more...

A pneumothorax occurs when air fills the pleural space between the lungs and chest wall. This can cause partial or total lung collapse leading to difficulties with alveolar ventilation, hemodynamic lability, etc. If a chest...